Greek Ptolemaic Kingdom

The Ptolemaic Kingdom was a Hellenistic state in Egypt, established after Alexander the Great's empire fragmented around 305 BCE. It was ruled by the Ptolemaic dynasty, starting with Ptolemy I, a general of Alexander. The kingdom combined Greek and Egyptian cultures, with Alexandria as its capital, known for its great library. It was a powerful, wealthy center of trade, learning, and culture for nearly three centuries. The Ptolemaic rulers maintained Greek traditions while governing Egypt until it became part of the Roman Empire in 30 BCE.