Great Seljuk Sultanate

The Great Seljuk Sultanate was a medieval Turkish empire that emerged in the 11th century, primarily in Persia and parts of the Middle East. Founded by the Seljuk Turks, it played a crucial role in the spread of Islam and the development of Persian culture. The empire reached its peak under Sultan Alp Arslan and Sultan Malik Shah, promoting trade, architecture, and scholarship, including supporting famous scholars like Omar Khayyam. The Seljuk Turks also strengthened Sunni Islam against rival factions. However, the empire eventually declined due to internal strife and external pressures, leading to its fragmentation in the 12th century.