Great Schism (East-West Schism)

The Great Schism of 1054 was a major split between the Christian church in the West (Roman Catholicism) and the East (Eastern Orthodoxy). It stemmed from disagreements over theology, leadership (the Pope's authority), and cultural differences—such as language and customs. These unresolved conflicts led to mutual excommunications, formal declarations of separation, resulting in two distinct religions. The schism persists today, shaping the identity and practices of both branches of Christianity.