Great Circle Distance

Great Circle Distance is the shortest path between two points on the surface of a sphere, like Earth. Imagine slicing the sphere through its center to create a great circle—such as the equator or a meridian—then measuring along that circle between the two locations. This method differs from straight-line distances on maps, which can be distorted. Great circle distance is used in navigation and aviation because it gives the most accurate, efficient route between two points on Earth's curved surface, helping to save time and fuel during travel.