Grating Fabrication Techniques

Grating fabrication techniques involve creating precise patterns on materials to manipulate light or sound waves. Common methods include photolithography, where ultraviolet light transfers a pattern onto a coated surface, followed by etching to remove unwanted material. Electron-beam lithography uses focused beams of electrons for extremely detailed patterns. Other techniques like nanoimprint lithography press a mold onto the surface to imprint the pattern directly. These methods enable the production of highly accurate, nanoscale structures essential for advanced optical devices, sensors, and communication systems.