Graphon

A graphon is a mathematical tool used to study large networks, like social or communication networks, in a simplified way. Imagine it as a continuous surface or map that represents the pattern of connections between many nodes (people, devices, etc.) without listing each link individually. It captures the overall structure and tendencies of the network, allowing researchers to analyze and compare complex graphs efficiently. Think of it as a "blueprint" that summarizes how likely various parts of a large network are to connect, facilitating understanding and modeling of vast, intricate systems.