Graph Coloring Problem

The Graph Coloring Problem involves assigning colors to the points (called vertices) in a network so that no two directly connected points share the same color. Imagine scheduling exams for different courses: courses with students in common cannot be held at the same time, so each must be assigned a different time slot (color). The goal is to use the fewest colors possible, which helps optimize resources. This problem is fundamental in areas like scheduling, resource allocation, and networking, where conflicts must be avoided while minimizing complexity.