Granular physics

Granular physics studies the behavior of materials made up of many small, discrete particles, like sand, grains, or powders. Unlike liquids and solids, granular materials can flow like a fluid but also behave like solids, depending on external forces. This field explores how these particles interact, pack, and move in various conditions, which helps us understand phenomena like avalanches, the flow of grains in silos, or the mechanics of soil. By studying granular materials, scientists can improve industrial processes, construction methods, and even natural disaster predictions.