Gramsci

Antonio Gramsci was an Italian thinker and Marxist philosopher who analyzed how powerful ideas and culture influence society. He introduced the concept of "cultural hegemony," which describes how dominant groups maintain control not just through laws or force, but by shaping beliefs, values, and norms so that their way of life seems natural or widely accepted. This cultural control makes it harder for oppressed groups to challenge authority. Gramsci emphasized the importance of developing alternative ideas and education to build a more just and equitable society from within cultural institutions.