GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory)

GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) was NASA’s mission to study the Moon's internal structure by measuring its gravity field. Consisting of two spacecraft orbiting closely, GRAIL detected tiny variations in gravity caused by differences in the Moon's crust and mantle. These measurements helped scientists map the Moon’s internal composition and understand its geological history, including volcanic activity and impact processes. The data provided detailed insights into the Moon’s formation, making GRAIL a key mission for advancing lunar science and informing future exploration efforts.