Graft types (saphenous vein graft, internal mammary artery)

Graft types in heart bypass surgery include the saphenous vein and the internal mammary artery. The saphenous vein is a large vein from the leg that is harvested and used to reroute blood around blocked coronary arteries. The internal mammary artery is a chest artery that is often preferred because it has a higher long-term success rate; it is more resistant to disease and tends to stay open longer. Both grafts serve as new pathways for blood, improving oxygen supply to the heart muscle. The choice depends on patient specifics and surgeon preference, aiming for the best long-term outcome.