Grüneisen parameter

The Grüneisen parameter is a scientific quantity that describes how the vibrational energy of a material's atoms changes with its volume or pressure. It helps scientists understand how a material's thermal and elastic properties are linked; for example, how it expands when heated or compresses under pressure. Essentially, it measures the sensitivity of atomic vibrations to size changes in the material, playing a key role in modeling behaviors like heat capacity, thermal expansion, and sound velocity in solids.