Gottesman-Knill theorem

The Gottesman-Knill theorem states that certain quantum operations—specifically, those involving only stabilizer states, Clifford gates, and measurements—can be efficiently simulated on a classical computer. This means that, despite their quantum nature, these processes do not offer the computational advantages associated with quantum computing. Essentially, the theorem identifies a subset of quantum processes that are classically manageable, helping researchers understand which quantum features truly enable quantum speedups and which do not.