Gorbachev (Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev)

Mikhail Gorbachev was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991, known for initiating reforms to modernize the country. He introduced policies like glasnost (openness) to increase transparency and perestroika (restructuring) to revive the economy. His efforts aimed to reduce Cold War tensions and improve relations with the West, leading to significant changes in Eastern Europe and ultimately contributing to the end of the Soviet Union. Gorbachev's leadership is seen as pivotal in transitioning the USSR away from authoritarian control toward greater openness, although it also brought complex political and economic challenges.