Gorbachev (Mikhail Gorbachev)

Mikhail Gorbachev was the last leader of the Soviet Union, serving from 1985 until its dissolution in 1991. He introduced important reforms called "glasnost" (openness) and "perestroika" (restructuring), aimed at making the government more transparent and the economy more efficient. Gorbachev sought to reduce Cold War tensions and improve relations with the West, leading to arms reductions and the end of many strict Communist policies. His efforts helped peacefully end the Soviet Union, but also triggered national independence movements, ultimately leading to its collapse. He is remembered for his role in ending the Cold War and initiating major political changes.