goodness-of-fit tests

Goodness-of-fit tests are statistical tools used to determine if a set of observed data matches what we would expect based on a specific theoretical model. Essentially, they help assess whether the distribution or pattern in the data aligns with the assumed idea. For example, if you expect a fair die to land on each number equally, a goodness-of-fit test can check if the actual results support that assumption. If the test indicates a poor fit, it suggests the data may not follow the expected pattern, prompting further investigation.