Global Climate Models (GCMs)

Global Climate Models (GCMs) are sophisticated computer programs that simulate Earth's climate system, including the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and ice. They use mathematical equations to represent physical processes and interactions, allowing scientists to predict how climate variables like temperature, precipitation, and sea levels may change over time. GCMs are essential tools for understanding potential impacts of greenhouse gas emissions and informing climate policies. While complex, they are carefully validated and continuously refined to improve accuracy and reliability in projecting future climate scenarios.