Giesekus model

The Giesekus model describes how certain complex fluids, like polymers or suspensions, flow and deform under stress. It considers the fluid's internal structure—how its molecules or particles stretch and orient—affecting its viscosity and elasticity. The model introduces a parameter representing internal friction or resistance within the fluid, capturing nonlinear behaviors such as shear-thinning, where viscosity decreases with increased flow. Used in engineering and rheology, the Giesekus model helps predict how these materials respond under various conditions, improving design and processing in industries like plastics, rubber, and biomedical applications.