Gibson (James J. Gibson)

James J. Gibson was a pioneering psychologist known for his work on visual perception. He proposed that we directly perceive the world around us through "affordances," meaning the opportunities for action that objects and environments offer, without needing complex mental processing. Gibson emphasized that perception is active and context-dependent, relying on the information available in our environment—such as the way light and patterns inform us about surfaces or distances—rather than relying solely on internal interpretative processes. His approach, known as ecological psychology, highlights the natural, immediate way we perceive and interact with our surroundings.