Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an inflammatory condition that affects large and medium-sized arteries, especially in the head and neck. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks these blood vessels, causing inflammation that can lead to narrowing or blockage. Common symptoms include headache, jaw pain when chewing, vision problems, and scalp tenderness. GCA mainly affects adults over 50 and requires prompt treatment with steroids to prevent serious complications like permanent vision loss. Though its exact cause is unknown, early diagnosis and management are crucial for preventing complications.