German academic system

Germany’s academic system is structured in stages: students typically complete secondary education with a diploma, then choose between universities for a bachelor's degree (generally 3-4 years). Afterward, they may pursue a master’s degree (1-2 years), followed by a doctorate for those interested in research or academia. Technical colleges (Fachhochschulen) offer practice-oriented programs. The system emphasizes specialization and academic excellence, with recognition of prior qualifications across Europe through the Bologna Process. Higher education is often publicly funded or subsidized, making it accessible, while quality assurance and research are core priorities.