Gerd Causes

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing discomfort. This happens mainly because the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a ring of muscle that acts as a valve, is weak or relaxes inappropriately. Factors such as obesity, eating large or fatty meals, smoking, pregnancy, or certain medications can contribute to this relaxation or weaken the LES. Additionally, hiatal hernias or delayed stomach emptying can increase reflux. These factors compromise the barrier that prevents acid from escaping the stomach, leading to the characteristic symptoms of GERD.