Gerakan 30 September

Gerakan 30 September, also known as the 1965 Indonesian massacre, was a failed military coup in Indonesia that started with the kidnapping and killing of six Indonesian Army generals. The event was quickly blamed on the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), leading to a nationwide anti-communist purge. Over the following months, the military and civilian groups targeted alleged communists, resulting in an estimated 500,000 to 1 million deaths. The coup and its aftermath deeply shaped Indonesia's political landscape, ending the country's brief democratic period and ushering in decades of authoritarian rule under President Suharto.