Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO)

A Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) is an elliptical orbit used to move a satellite from a low Earth orbit to a geostationary orbit. After launch, a satellite is placed into GTO, where it travels along an elongated path around Earth. From this orbit, a spacecraft performs a maneuver called a “perigee kick” to circularize its orbit at approximately 35,786 km altitude, matching Earth's rotation. This process allows the satellite, such as communication or weather satellites, to stay fixed over a specific location on Earth's surface, providing consistent coverage for communications, broadcasting, or observation.