George W. Beadle

George W. Beadle was a prominent American geneticist known for his work on how genes influence living organisms. He, along with Edward Tatum, demonstrated that genes control specific biochemical processes by working on bread mold (Neurospora crassa). Their experiments helped establish the "one gene-one enzyme" concept, showing that each gene directs the production of a particular enzyme, which in turn affects an organism’s traits. Beadle's research significantly advanced understanding of genetics and molecular biology, earning him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1958.