Geophysical Survey Techniques

Geophysical survey techniques are methods used to explore underground features without digging. They work by measuring natural signals or responses from the soil and rocks, such as electrical conductivity, magnetic fields, or how they reflect seismic waves. For example, electrical surveys pass small currents to detect variations in soil composition, while magnetic surveys identify magnetic mineral deposits. Seismic methods send sound waves that bounce back from underground structures, creating images of what lies beneath the surface. These techniques help geologists and engineers understand subsurface conditions for purposes like finding minerals, groundwater, or identifying hazards.