Geometry and Topology

Geometry is the study of shapes, sizes, and the properties of space. It helps us understand how different figures relate to each other in two or three dimensions. Topology, often described as "rubber-sheet geometry," focuses on properties that remain unchanged when shapes are stretched or deformed, like connectivity and continuity. In discrete mathematics, both fields explore how these concepts apply to finite structures, such as graphs and networks, which are essential in computer science, optimization, and algorithms. Together, they provide tools for analyzing spatial relationships in a variety of mathematical and practical problems.