Geometric Isomerism

Geometric isomerism occurs when molecules have the same atoms connected in the same order but differ in the spatial arrangement of certain groups around a rigid structure, such as a double bond or a ring. This results in different physical and chemical properties. For example, in some molecules, groups can be positioned "side by side" (cis) or "across from each other" (trans). Think of it like two furniture arrangements in a room: the same pieces, but arranged differently, creating distinct shapes and features. This type of isomerism highlights how spatial orientation can influence a molecule's behavior.