Geology of Finland

Finland’s geology is characterized by ancient continental rocks, formed over 1.8 billion years ago, primarily composed of crystalline basement rocks like granite and gneiss. The landscape has been shaped by glacial activity during the Ice Age, carving out lakes, fjords, and fertile soils. The region is part of the Fennoscandian Shield, a stable, rocky part of the Earth's crust. Finland has minimal volcanic activity and features mineral deposits like copper, zinc, and gold. Its geology reflects a long history of tectonic stability, deep crustal processes, and recent glacial shaping, resulting in a landscape dotted with lakes, forests, and mineral resources.