Geological uniformitarianism

Geological uniformitarianism is the idea that the Earth's features have formed gradually over vast periods through natural processes that are consistent over time, like erosion, sedimentation, and volcanic activity. Essentially, it suggests that the same natural laws and processes we observe today have always operated in the past, shaping the planet's landscape. This concept helps scientists understand Earth's history by studying current geology, assuming that the processes we see now have been ongoing at similar rates. It contrasts with the idea that sudden, short-lived events are responsible for major geological changes.