Geological Survey (various countries)

A Geological Survey is a government or organizational agency responsible for studying a country's subsurface geology, mineral resources, and Earth's processes. They conduct research, mapping, and data collection to understand natural resources, hazards, and land stability. These surveys support resource management, environmental protection, infrastructure planning, and disaster prevention. Different countries have their own agencies, such as the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) or the British Geological Survey (BGS), each tailored to address national geological and resource-related needs through scientific investigation and data sharing.