Geological origins of gemstones

Gemstones form deep within the Earth through natural geological processes. High pressure and heat transform minerals over millions of years into crystalline structures that develop into gemstones. Some, like diamonds, form from carbon deep in Earth's mantle under extreme conditions, then travel to the surface via volcanic eruptions. Others, such as sapphires and rubies, originate from mineral-rich solutions that crystallize in Earth's crust. Over time, geological forces like tectonic movement, cooling, and erosion expose these minerals, allowing them to be mined. This intricate natural process creates the diverse variety of gemstones valued for their beauty and rarity.