Geologic layering

Geologic layering, also known as stratification, refers to the arrangement of different layers of rocks and sediments formed over time. Each layer, or stratum, records a specific period of Earth's history, often shaped by processes like sediment deposition, volcanic activity, or erosion. These layers can vary in composition, thickness, and appearance. Geologists study these layers to understand Earth's past environments, climate changes, and geological events. The sequence of layers typically shows older layers beneath younger ones, following the principle of superposition, which helps scientists interpret the Earth's geological history.