Geography of the Mediterranean

The Mediterranean region is centered around the Mediterranean Sea, a large, mostly enclosed body of water connecting Southern Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. It features diverse landscapes, including rugged coastlines, mountain ranges like the Alps and Atlas, fertile plains, and deserts in the south. Countries such as Italy, Greece, Egypt, and Turkey border the sea. The region’s climate varies from Mediterranean (hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters) to more arid in desert areas. Its geography has historically facilitated trade, cultural exchange, and the development of early civilizations due to its strategic location and natural resources.