Geography of ancient Armenia

Ancient Armenia was situated in a mountainous region at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, primarily in the Caucasus Mountains. Its terrain features rugged mountains, deep valleys, and river basins, which provided natural defenses and fertile land for agriculture. The area included highlands and plateaus, with the Taurus Mountains to the south and the Lesser Caucasus to the north. This strategic position facilitated trade and cultural exchange but also made Armenia vulnerable to invasions. The diverse landscape supported pastoralism and farming, shaping Armenia's unique identity as a resilient and culturally rich society in a geographically complex environment.