Geographical Information Science (GIScience)

Geographical Information Science (GIScience) is the study of how to effectively collect, analyze, and interpret geographic data—information about locations on Earth. It combines technology, data analysis, and geographic principles to understand spatial relationships and patterns. GIScience supports various applications, such as urban planning, environmental management, transportation, and disaster response, by enabling policymakers and researchers to visualize and interpret complex spatial information. It underpins Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which are tools used to create maps and analyze spatial data for informed decision-making.