Geographical Information Science

Geographical Information Science (GIScience) is the study of how to collect, analyze, and visualize spatial data—information tied to specific locations on Earth. It combines computer science, geography, and techniques like mapping and data analysis to understand patterns and relationships in the environment, society, and various processes. GIScience enables us to solve complex problems such as urban planning, environmental management, disaster response, and transportation by providing insights into spatial relationships and trends. Essentially, it’s a scientific foundation behind geographic information systems (GIS), which are tools used to create detailed digital maps and analyze spatial data.