Geodynamo

The geodynamo is the process that generates Earth's magnetic field, happening deep inside the planet. It occurs in the liquid outer core, which is mostly iron and nickel. Convection currents—hot, moving material—cause these metals to flow and generate electric currents. According to physics, moving electric currents produce magnetic fields. These fields combine and sustain Earth's magnetic field over long periods. In essence, the geodynamo is Earth's natural mechanism for creating and maintaining its magnetic shield, which protects us from harmful solar radiation and helps compass navigation.