Genetics of cleft lip and palate

The genetics of cleft lip and palate involve inherited factors that can increase the likelihood of these conditions, although environmental influences like smoking or certain medications also play a role. Specific genes can affect how the facial structures develop in early pregnancy, and variations in these genes may predispose a baby to clefts. Often, a combination of multiple genes and environmental factors contribute, rather than a single gene. If there’s a family history of clefts, the risk may be higher, but many cases occur without any known genetic link. Researchers continue to study these factors to better understand and prevent cleft conditions.