Genetics of cancer

Cancer genetics refers to changes in a person's DNA that cause cells to grow and divide uncontrollably. These changes can be inherited or acquired over time due to factors like smoking, radiation, or environmental exposures. Such genetic alterations can turn on genes that promote growth (oncogenes) or turn off genes that suppress tumors (tumor suppressor genes). When these balance shifts, cells may form tumors and spread. Understanding these genetic changes helps scientists develop targeted treatments and diagnostic tools, making cancer management more precise and effective.