genetic transfer

Genetic transfer is the process by which an organism acquires or shares genetic material (DNA) with another. In nature, this often occurs between bacteria through methods like transformation (picking up DNA from the environment), conjugation (direct transfer between bacteria via a bridge), or transduction (viral transfer). In higher organisms, genetic transfer can happen through reproduction, such as passing genes from parents to offspring. This process introduces genetic diversity, enabling evolution and adaptation, and is fundamental to understanding biology, evolution, and the development of technologies like genetic engineering.