General Circulation Models

General Circulation Models (GCMs) are complex computer programs that simulate the Earth's climate system. They use mathematical equations to represent the physical processes in the atmosphere, oceans, and land surfaces. By analyzing how these components interact over time, GCMs help scientists understand past climate behavior, predict future climate changes, and assess the impacts of factors like greenhouse gas emissions. Essentially, they provide valuable insights into how the climate works and guide decision-making for issues related to climate change and environmental policy.