Gene transfer techniques

Gene transfer techniques involve moving genetic material, such as DNA, into an organism's cells to modify or study its functions. This can be achieved using methods like chemical treatments, where chemicals help DNA enter cells; physical methods, like using tiny electrical pulses (electroporation) or microinjection; and biological methods, such as viruses that naturally deliver DNA into cells. These techniques are essential for research, developing gene therapies, and creating genetically modified organisms, allowing scientists to understand gene functions and treat genetic diseases effectively.