Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula

The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a relationship in particle physics that connects a particle's electric charge to its other properties, specifically its isospin and strangeness. It states that the charge (Q) equals half the isospin (I₃) plus a term related to strangeness (S) multiplied by a constant. In simple terms, it helps physicists understand how different particles, like protons and neutrons, are related based on their internal states, allowing predictions of particle properties within the quark model.