GCM (General Circulation Models)

General Circulation Models (GCMs) are complex computer simulations that represent Earth's climate system. They use mathematical equations to replicate how the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and ice interact and change over time. GCMs incorporate data about solar radiation, greenhouse gases, and other factors to predict future climate conditions. They help scientists understand climate patterns, assess impacts of emissions, and inform policy decisions. Think of them as detailed digital "climate labs" that run virtual experiments to forecast how our planet's climate might evolve under different scenarios.