Gauge Group

A gauge group is a fundamental symmetry in physics that governs how particles and forces interact. Think of it as a set of rules or patterns that dictate how particles like electrons and quarks behave and influence each other through fundamental forces such as electromagnetism and the strong force. These rules are described mathematically by a gauge theory, where the gauge group defines the specific symmetry underlying each force. Understanding these groups helps physicists explain the behavior of particles at the smallest scales and form the basis of modern particle physics theories, like the Standard Model.