gastrointestinal physiology

Gastrointestinal physiology refers to how the digestive system processes food from ingestion to elimination. It begins with the mouth, where food is chewed and mixed with saliva. Swallowed food then travels down the esophagus to the stomach, where it’s broken down by acids and enzymes. Nutrients are absorbed mainly in the small intestine, while waste moves into the large intestine for water absorption. The remaining waste is stored in the rectum until it’s expelled through the anus. Throughout this process, muscular movements and gland secretions work together to ensure efficient digestion, nutrient absorption, and waste elimination.