Garimpo (illegal mining)

Garimpo refers to small-scale, often illegal, gold mining carried out independently, typically in remote areas like the Amazon rainforest. Operators use rudimentary tools and methods, frequently without proper permits, leading to environmental harm and social issues. The activity is driven by economic gain but bypasses regulations designed to protect ecosystems and communities. Garimpo often involves deforestation, water contamination from mercury use, and conflicts with legal landholders and indigenous populations. Despite its illegal status, garimpo persists due to economic necessity and limited enforcement, posing significant environmental and socio-political challenges.