gain (mathematics)

In mathematics, gain refers to the factor by which a quantity is increased or amplified. It's often expressed as a ratio or a percentage, comparing the output to the input. For example, in signal processing or control systems, gain indicates how much a system boosts or amplifies a signal. If a system has a gain of 2, it doubles the input; if the gain is 0.5, it halves the input. Essentially, gain measures the efficiency or strength of a system’s increase from the initial value to the resulting value.