Gaetano, Count Mastai-Ferretti

Gaetano, Count Mastai-Ferretti, was an Italian nobleman and diplomat born in 1798, best known for becoming Pope Pius IX in 1846. As pope, he sought to unify Italy and promote civil rights, but his reign faced significant challenges amid political upheaval. His papacy lasted over 31 years, making him one of the longest-serving popes. He was also influential in the declaration of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. Despite conflicts, his leadership significantly impacted the Catholic Church and Italian history during a period of national change.